How to brake on a motorcycle properly and lessen tyre wear

Before delving into techniques on how to stop a motorcycle, it's essential to understand your motorcycle's braking system. Most modern motorcycles feature disc brakes, with some old models still using drum brakes on the rear wheel.

Beginners often wonder which is the most effective stopping brake on a motorcycle. The answer is the front brake. It typically provides about 70% of the stopping power, making it the primary focus in most braking scenarios.

The physics of braking involves weight transfer. As you brake, the motorcycle's weight shifts forward, increasing traction on the front tyre and reducing it on the rear. This principle underlies many motorbike riding tips, including advanced braking techniques.

Anticipate stops

Look ahead and brake earlier, allowing for gentler deceleration instead of sudden braking.

Check the mirrors

Don’t forget to check for the traffic around you to ensure safe braking, especially when cornering with other vehicles following closely behind you.

Choose the fingers you need

An important aspect of brake control is how many fingers you use on the front brake lever:

• Two-finger braking: This technique involves using your index and middle fingers on the brake lever. It's typically recommended for modern motorcycles with powerful brakes. Two-finger braking allows you to maintain better control of the throttle and is usually sufficient for most braking situations. It's particularly favoured in sport and performance riding.

• Four-finger braking: This involves using all four fingers on the brake lever. It may be necessary for older motorcycles with less powerful brakes or in emergency situations where maximum braking force is required. New riders often start with this method as they build confidence.

The choice between two-finger and four-finger braking depends on your motorcycle's brake system, your riding style, and personal preference.

Progressive braking

Apply the brakes gradually, increasing pressure as you slow down. This technique, known as progressive braking, prevents skidding and allows for smoother, more controlled stops. It's particularly crucial on slippery surfaces or in emergencies.

Brake in a straight line

Whenever possible, brake while the motorcycle is upright and travelling straight. This position provides maximum traction and stability. If you must brake while leaning, do so gently to avoid upsetting the bike's balance.

Combine both brakes effectively

While the front brake is more powerful, using both brakes in tandem provides optimal stopping power and control. The key is to use the rear brake first to give you control, then follow shortly afterwards with the front brake.

Many modern motorcycles are equipped with Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS), which prevent wheel lock-up during hard braking. If your motorcycle doesn't have ABS, you must modulate brake pressure to prevent skidding. In most scenarios, you should apply roughly 70% pressure on the front and 30% on the rear brake.

You might need some practice to be familiar with this technique and get the most effective braking while being able to maintain vehicle balance. This is an essential technique for your riding safety, especially in emergencies.

Engine braking

This is the technique used predominantly in motorbikes with manual transmission where you pull a clutch lever, gently shift down one gear, gradually release the clutch, and rev-match (blipping the throttle while the clutch is disengaged to find the next lower gear). By correctly doing this, the motorbike will slow down smoothly. The slower the vehicle is, the easier you can engine brake.

Trail braking

It is an advanced technique that involves continuing to brake as you enter a corner. As you lean into the turn, gradually release the motorbike brakes. This technique allows for later braking before corners and provides more control over your speed and line through the turn.

To trail brake effectively:

1. Begin braking while upright, before entering the turn

2. As you lean into the corner, gradually ease off the brakes

3. Continue to release brake pressure through the turn until you're ready to accelerate out

While trail braking can be highly effective, it requires practice and should be learned gradually in a safe environment.

Knowing how to brake on a motorcycle properly will not only improve safety but also reduce unnecessary tyre wear. Here are some key points to remember:

Drive slowly

Riding at reasonable speeds reduces the need for sudden braking that can cause excessive wear and lead to flat spots on your tyres.

Smooth application

Apply brakes smoothly and progressively to lessen tyre wear and flat spots.

Use engine brake

You should use the engine brake in conjunction with your brakes to reduce overall brake load and tyre wear. The engine brake can be very useful when cornering and during a long descent.

Mastering proper braking techniques is essential for every motorcyclist. It not only enhances your safety on the road but also extends the life of your tyres. Remember, the key to effective braking lies in smooth, progressive application, using both brakes, and adapting your technique to different riding conditions. While this article provides a solid foundation of how to brake on a motorcycle, nothing beats practical experience. Continue to practice and refine your skills to become a safer, more proficient rider.

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